The Major Components of Bioethics in Healthcare

Provision of quality healthcare is paramount for a healthy and productive population. The field of medicine has well outlined principles and standards that are expected of all the professionals and specialists in the healthcare sector. In the United States, a significant percentage of the healthcare industry is under private operators (Boyle, 2001). The nature of services as well as how they are offered become of much interest for everyone in order to avoid any instances of unethical practices in the name of healthcare.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Components of Bioethics in Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All medical professionals should uphold their commitment to adhere to the ethical obligations and values as provided in the course of their training. The essay discusses some of the major components of bioethics in healthcare. It gives examples in clinical practices that may be viewed a s unethical with reference to the current nursing standards. Ethics entails the enhancement of right actions and good things by members of any given profession. It basically refers to the standards and actions that are expected of a group as provided in the profession’s code of ethical conduct. These actions are usually stipulated in the code of ethics for any given field although some may be at a personal level or unwritten (Morrison Monagle, 2009). Ethical concerns in healthcare have been in existence for a considerably long period of time. Ethics in healthcare may be regarded as social ethics due to the fact that it is generally based on an enduring ideal of committed service. The first component of ethics in healthcare, just like in any other science, is beneficence. It refers to the physician’s discretion in handling the patient. This component obliges medical experts to make informed judgments as far as treatment of a patient is concerned (Drane, 2004). The prof essionals are expected â€Å"to help and not to harm† by making value judgments. Physician beneficence has been in existence for a long time now but of late it has been challenged by the coming into effect of new ethical concerns in the medical field, especially in America. Under this component, a physician should make value judgments about the patient in the course of treatment and not just relying solely on scientifically determined judgments (Morrison Monagle, 2009). For instance, in the current nursing standards, a physician should not recommend treatment that will be harmful, risky or useless for the patient regardless of whether the patient â€Å"asked for it† or the physician decided so.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second component is patient autonomy which refers to the right of a patient to give an informed consent in the course of treatment (Dra ne, 2004). In essence, it entails the right to refuse a given form of treatment and, on the other hand, the right to demand a treatment from among the options justifiable in the medical profession. This component has over the past three decades become a threat to physician beneficence. However, the physician’s professional training in ethics limits the right of a patient to demand or refuse a given form of medically justifiable treatment option especially where patient competence is an issue (Beauchamp, 1999). For instance, it would be unethical for a physician to impose a treatment that, in respect to the patient’s values, is highly risky, shameful, burdensome, painful or extremely costly. However, it would also be unethical if a physician obliges to a patient’s refusal of ordinary treatment particularly if their refusal may result in serious health problems or even death. The third component of ethics is justice. It refers to the equitable distribution of reso urces in the healthcare industry (Drane, 2004). There are two distinct parts of this principle; the first is individual justice where each patient is entitled to their own justice in the course of treatment while the second is distributive justice where physicians are obliged to address the needs of a larger group of people for the common good (Beauchamp, 1999). These two sub-components have always been in conflict due to clashing interests in the distribution of resources. It would be unethical, for example, to take generalized options that would jeopardize individual interests and vise versa. The last component in bioethics is non-maleficence which is closely related with beneficence. Under this principle, physicians are obliged to make effort not to harm the patient in the course of treatment (Drane, 2004). It is guided by the traditional call upon medical practitioners to â€Å"first do no harm†. This component, however, may be viewed as being in conflict with that of ben eficence. For instance, it would be unethical for a physician to choose to do nothing in order to avoid harming the patient. This is because good/beneficial actions that may be risky within acceptable limits for the patient will have been left out hence escalating the problem.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Components of Bioethics in Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Beauchamp, G. R. (1999). â€Å"The correct application of ethical components to resolve issues in values.† Journal of Medical Science, 1 (2): 40-42 Boyle, P. (2001). Ethics in healthcare: principles, cases, and pragmatic solutions. John Wiley and Sons Drane, J. F. (2004). Understanding clinical bioethics: theory and practice in medical  decision-making (3rd ed). Rowman Littlefield Morrison, E. E. Monagle, J. F. (2009). A handbook of healthcare ethics: issues for the  21st century (2nd ed). Jones Bartlett Learning This essay on The Major Components of Bioethics in Healthcare was written and submitted by user Darwin Hahn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Surprising Day Jobs of 20 Famous Writers

The Surprising Day Jobs of 20 Famous Writers Sure, being a bestselling author sounds glamorous, but its a long road to the top, and sometimes that road starts out with a job mopping up a locker room floor. Most writers who have made a name for themselves in the field had to spend at least a few years toiling away at jobs where no one appreciated their quick wit or their skill for crafting a lovely turn of phrase. Some spent their entire lives working in service industries and didnt have their greatest works published until after their deaths. It makes sense that working for minimum wages in utter drudgery may have been the main inspiration for some of the most revered literary works in history. When creative minds are forced to work mindless jobs, sometimes theyre inspired to create extraordinary stories set in ordinary places. Check out The Expert Editors infographic on the surprising first professions of some of the worlds most famous writers.

Global Security in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Global Security in the United States - Essay Example The industry segment chosen for this work is the software industry. Software industry is a service sector aimed at providing service to all other industries. Some of the major attributes that affect the business in software industry are: this is a support industry to other industries and if they are in a recession then the software industry is also affected. Secondly, the software industry grows swiftly so much so what is today the cutting edge is no more used one year down the line. Thirdly, this is dependent on the employees in the company that would decide on the way the results are produced. Creativity of the people, agility of the industry segment that the products of the company addresses and the speed at which the company could acclimatize itself to the new technologies coming in every day.It is also important to note that any company in the software business face is the customer satisfaction. Unlike other products, where the product is clearly one that the people can see, tes t and accept, in case of software, even after the initial acceptance of the software, it might be found to be under performing in those areas that are critical to the buyer. Similarly, while products fail under use due to external reasons, viz., mishandling, surges in electricity, etc., in case of software, it is always viewed as the one that comes with the failures or most of the problems are manufactured with the product. This leads to customer dissatisfaction even after one to two years of use. The software industry has been growing phenomenally in the last decade and has a number of competitors whom the upcoming company should take care of. The competition comes from all sizes of companies, from small to mega corporations. Therefore, it is essential that the company entering the market works out a niche for itself before jumping on to the growing bandwagon. The market and the economy connected with the software industry have been booming in the last two decades, driven mostly by the revolution called internet. Software is totally market driven and, in contrast to most of the other industries, in case of software industry the company spends comparatively little on research vis--vis the development. There are lots of new ideas that come in every day in the software industry. None of the companies like Microsoft, Borland, Sun or Novell, invented what they successfully made. They adopted the new technological idea in a way that people would accept and sold successfully. It is not who does it first or who does it differently; it is a question of who does it right that makes a software company successful. b. The Company The company that is formed will address specific software needs of verticals that are identified as strengths of the company. Such identified and short listed verticals will be clearly understood and the employees / consultants in the company will have adequate understanding and strengths in the vertical so chosen. This would help the company to identify software products for these verticals, addressing requirements that might not be easy for competitors to emulate. This niche will also ensure that the value the company gets for its products will be substantially higher than what they might get if they should do a run of the mill product. Hence, this would ensure both addressing a niche segment with little or no major competition and would also ensure that the compensation for their product will be better than what the company might get otherwise. The concentration of the company in the product development exercise will be to do it right rather than do something new alone. It has to be new and it has to be right. Right in the sense, it will be the way the customer or the user might expect or want it to be. This would necessitate a close interaction with the customer and possibly work in tandem with the customers in those specific verticals and produce a product that is in line with their needs. c. SWOT Analysis i.

Portrait of a Fourth Grade Classroom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Portrait of a Fourth Grade Classroom - Coursework Example Gullon (2005) observes that â€Å"your classroom has to serve a variety of purposes for a variety of people and as such will need routines and rules.† There is also the need to ensure that there is maximum quietness at all times to facilitate individual learning and attentiveness during lesson delivery. Again, tidiness ensures safety and makes the class conducive for learning. Finally, in other to ensure that obedient students are encouraged to put up good behavior and disobedient ones are deterred from their bad behavior, it is important to constitute a reward and punishment mechanism. Establishing an effective learning environment where all students achieve learning outcomes relies on the implementation of a broad range of classroom organisation and management strategies (McBain, 2004, p.1). This tells of how important classroom organization is in the everyday upkeep the classroom environment.

The Underlying Theme of the Movie-The Rear Window Essay

The Underlying Theme of the Movie-The Rear Window - Essay Example Rear window is one of the American movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock based on his usual theme. The story of this movie was written by John Michael Hayes. Rear window was based on a short’ It had to be murder’’ written by Cornell Woolrich. The movie was released by Paramount Pictures. The film stars James Stewart as L.B. Jeffries, who is a news photographer, became helpless and isolated in his apartment at Greenvich Village due to his broken leg. During his days of misery and loneliness, his only activity was to observe and keep an eye on the activities of his neighbors around his apartment out of his rear window which has become his escape from the dull and boring moments of his life on a wheelchair. His fiancà ©e Lisa Fremont (Grace Kelly) and nurse (Thelma Ritter) being his only visitors and perhaps the only connection with the world outside his rear window. It is a well-scripted and a very well-directed movie which keeps the audience spell bound with a blen d of suspense and romance in it for their entertainment. However, a point comes where the story takes a new turn when suddenly Jeff’s observation leads him to a shocking discovery as he watched his neighbor’s suspicious activities, who lived right opposite his apartment’s building. ... To observe and to act as a â€Å"Peeping Tom† is a natural human trait that has been followed by all of us. The concept of voyeurism or in other words the act of being a â€Å"mute speculator† is also similar like watching movies and enjoying every moment that one can without being suspected for peeping into the lives of others. This led Jeff to discover the crime that was taken place right opposite his apartment. No matter, how much his fiancee and nurse blamed him for turning into â€Å"an immoral voyeur† joined him later in his act of speculation. Jeff’s silent speculation helped him to develop his curiosity like a child who observes everything keenly with lots of questions rising in his mind and he is determined to find all the unanswered questions. Rear window is all about normal humans, their attitudes and behaviors towards other people and how much people value relationships in their life. This movie also highlights the personality conflict between the couple (Jeff and Lisa). Despite the fact that they have been showed madly in love with each other but each one of them tries to dominate the other person. We cannot ignore the Jeff’s cynical attitude towards marriage on Lisa’s demand for tying the knot. This raised the common thought a person’s freedom and his life ends with the marriage. Jeff’s silent observation made him believed that a marriage can turn down his life and freedom just as in case of Mr. and Mrs. Thorwald, a happily married couple but ended in a murder of Mrs. Thorwald by the hands of her husband due to her nagging habits. It is not a new idea that Hitchcock has come up with. This philosophy can also be seen in his other movies too like Vertigo and The Trouble with Harry. Our lives revolve around our relationships, moods and

Experts Are Not Always Right

Experts Are Not Always Right First and foremost who is an expert. An expert may be defined as someone or is said to be someone widely recognized as a person having special skill or knowledge about a particular thing. An expert in other words is a person with intensive knowledge or idea based on research, experience or occupation in a certain area of study. An expert can be by virtue of education, profession or experience believed to have a special knowledge of a subject more than that of an average person, reliable enough that others may rely upon the individuals way of thinking, believe or judgment. For someone or an individual to be an expert, the person or that particular individual must be professionally or academically qualified for them to be accepted as an expert. The person has to have the technical know-how and a sound knowledge of what his particular field of study is all about. The person must be able to give a very good explanation of questions that are asked which are related to his field. Just like no man is an island of knowledge, so also experts are not always right. No one has entire knowledge of something and because of no one has entire knowledge, nobody is above mistake. If you call a group of people experts, it is because you believe they know much about their field of study, they cannot make any type of mistake and that they can tackle any problem that has to do with it but the truth is no one can know everything in life because nobody is perfect. For example, a medical doctor is considered to be an expert, and because of the believe that he is capable of diagnosing what the problem is if a person is sick, the person is taken to the doctor who examines the patient and gives the aliment a name. He gives the patient antibiotics to take, after some time, if the patient is still not fit; he is given other antibiotics to take. The doctor keeps giving him antibiotics and conducting different tests until he finally figures out what the problem is. But the question he re is, if really a doctor knows everything about his field, why does he have to conduct tests and try different antibiotics? Why doesnt he just give the patient the perfect antibiotics for his aliment? And the answer is because even a doctor is not perfect and therefore, needs to try different things in other to reach a conclusion. Another example is that of an editor, the work of an editor is to make sure a book is fit to be published and sold to the public; he removes what is not supposed to be and puts what is supposed to be in a book. If a book is taken to him, he checks the book and forwards it to another editor, the second editor gives it to another editor which is the third editor and the third editor gives it to the fourth person who is the proof reader and then he proofreads and then finally to the chief editor who finally checks the book. But even after the book has been checked by almost five people, at the end of the day, you still find out you dont have the best work. Why? Because an editor alone cannot check and proof read a book. And also nobody is perfect in life. One thing that is constant in life is change, which also affects the productivity of experts. Change is dynamic, things keep on changing and people learn new things at every point in life. For example an expert who has conducted a research a year ago wont expect to have the same result if he conducts another research on the same thing after a year. Because it might be possible that even at the time of his previous research, one thing or the other has changed and it will keep changing because change is dynamic. An example is that of an engineer who is said to be very creative and an expert in his field, if a car is faulty, he doesnt just figure out what the problem is by mere looking at the car, he has to check the entire engine of the car before knowing what the problem is and how the problem occurred but even after he repairs the car, it doesnt mean the car wont face any more problems in the future, or even if the car faces the same problem in the future, it doesnt mean its the same skill or method he used in repairing the car previously that would be used the next time the problem occurs. Why? Because change is dynamic, everything is bound to change with time and there can be more advanced ways of repairing it. Another factor that affects the productivity of experts is over confidence. Because of the believe people have in experts, how they think experts dont make mistakes and how people think they are all-knowing, they tend to overlook the little necessities in their work. They become careless and make a lot of mistakes. An example of an experts carelessness is an operation carried out by a surgeon. Who is a surgeon A surgeon is an expert in his field which is to operate patients but that doesnt mean his operations are always successful and that he is not bound to make mistakes. Just like in the case of Dr. Nitin Aggarwal and his patient Gurcharan Singh which happened in sat guru Nagar on Sunday. Urologist Dr. Nitin being an expert detected a tumor in his patients urinary bladder which he operated on the 31st march. But then, after the operation, the patient complained of fever and was again showed to the same doctor who diagnosed him with cancer and started chemotherapy. After a month his X-ray was done in a government-run hospital in Dhanaula and the X-ray showed a pair of scissors inside his abdomen. He was then referred to a civil hospital where he was operated again. In this case even though the doctor was an expert in his field, he overlooked the little things he was supposed to pay attention to during the operation and made a great mistake which could have cost the patients life. If someo ne is overconfident or too full of himself, he is bound to be careless and if he is careless then he is bound to make mistakes in life. Experts make a very huge thing out of what they have just to get what they want from you. For example, doctors have different scientific names for a particular disease, when a sick person is taken to a doctor; he examines the patient and gives the aliment a scientific name, if the patient happens to go to another doctor, the doctor will also examine him and give the disease a different name. All this happens because, they also use their personal opinions and people dont question them because they feel they are experts in their own field and that they cannot make any form of mistake. Some experts use their personal opinions in disguise of a well done research and at the end of the day, they fail to provide supporting evidences to back up what they say or write in a book. Conclusively, experts cannot always be right because no man is an island of knowledge so no one can know everything, no one is perfect, and they tend to make mistakes. Over confidence and carelessness also affects their productivity which also leads them to making lots of mistakes. They make a very huge thing out of what they have just to get what they want and change is dynamic which also affects their productivity.

The War At Gettysburg :: essays research papers

The War at Gettysburg Getting There On the way to Gettysburg was tough. It was a long hard and tough journey getting there because there was no other way to get there for the army besides walking. It was so hard that some people died, and some got sick. The trip there was very long. Only about half all the people going there survived. The most of all people that died were Confederate men. The Population There was a lot of people involved in The War at Gettysburg. Major Joseph Hooker had 115,000 men in his army. Major Robert E. Lee had only 70,000 Confederate men in his army. Brig. General John Buford had opnly 4,000 men in his section of the confederate army. 9,000 of the Union died, 5,000 of the men scattered, and some 40,000 of the men held the ridge. Their Life The sodliers had a horrible life. Almost all of the soldiers worked night and day.They all risked their life to defend their armys and Union. Most of them got scared. Most died because they either got shot or the war was to hard for them. Some ran away, because they got scared, Their goal was to defend their Union. What Happened The Confederate went to war with the union in a small town called Gettysburg. The Union majorally beat the Confederate. 28,000 were wounded, captured, and killed from the Confederate. Major General George Meade some 23,000 Union Men, that was nearly a quater of his men. The war was over on July 3, 1863. The Union had won the war. Supplies The men nedded alot and I mean alot of supplies. Most men needed Clothes, Blankets,food, medicine, gun supplies, horses, wagons, cattle,and scores. They needed sauerkraut, thought to be remedy for diarrhea that plagued thousands of soldiers. They basically needed everything. Important People There was alot of people in The War at Gettysburg. Her are all of the names of the army people. Union: The Army of the potomac Major General George Meade; Commanding